Root Canal Therapy, or root treatment, is a dental procedure whereby the nerve and all other living tissue is removed from within the tooth and replaced by a rubber filling. The treatment is an alternative to extraction and may be performed to resolve tooth ache or to treat a dead and infected tooth.

The living part of a tooth may become irreversibly inflamed, or die, due to bacterial infection or trauma.

The British Endodontic Society states that a success rate of up to 90% can be expected if no complications are encountered during treatment.